Analysis of the Novel "Orang-orang Biasa" by Andrea Hirata Based on Case Study and Defense Mechanisms

 





·         Base on Case Study

 

-          Content

 

Ordinary People is the 10th novel published by Andrea Hirata with Bentang Pustaka Publishers. Andrea Hirata wrote the novel People Ordinary because of his great disappointment with his failure to fight for a poor, smart boy to enter the Faculty of Medicine, Bengkulu University.

 

Book Identity

Book title: Ordinary People

Genre: Roman

Publisher: Yogyakarta, Bentang Pustaka

Author: Andrea Hirata

Year of publication: 2019

 

 

 

-          Structure

 

Ø  Summary of the case

 

Indonesian version :

 

Novel ini menceritakan sebuah kisah perjuangan seorang anak miskin nun jauh di pedalaman sana dalam menggapai cita-cita nya untuk masuk kuliah kedokteran. Ia diterima di Fakultas Kedokteran ternama, namun harus terhenti karena terhalang biaya kuliah yang sangat mahal.

 

Bermula dari sebuah desa di pedalaman kota Bengkulu, Belantik namanya. Sebuah kota yang penduduknya lupa berbuat jahat. Adalah Inspektur Rojali, seorang polisi yang mengidolakan Sahrukh khan, yang sialnya ditugaskan di daerah Belantik yang tenang dan minim kriminal. Karena terlalu damai, sampai-sampai Inspektur Rojali merindukan sebuah kata ''angkat tangan'' sambil menodongkan senjata.

 

Di suatu tempat, terdapat sekumpulan orang-orang biasa yang beranggotakan 10 orang yakni Handai, Tohirin, Honorun, Sobri, Rusip, Salud, Debut dan tiga anak perempuan Nihe, Dinah dan Junailah. Persahabatan yang dimulai dari bangku sekolah hingga mereka tua. Mereka dikenal akan kebodohan dan kepolosannya, hingga suatu hari saat mereka sudah berumah tangga, salah satu dari anggota kelompok nya yakni Dinah memiliki anak yang luar biasa cerdas, berbeda dengan orang tuanya.

 

Anak ini memiliki cita-cita yang tinggi, termotivasi karena Ayahnya sakit dan hanya dokter spesialis lah yang bisa menyembuhkannya. Karena miskin dan tidak punya biaya untuk berobat, Aini memiliki tekad ingin menjadi dokter spesialis agar bisa menyembuhkan Ayahnya.

 

Suatu hari, ketika kesepuluh orang ini tahu bahwa Aini ingin menjadi dokter dan ingin kuliah di Fakultas Kedokteran, namun terhambat biaya mereka memiliki sebuah rencana besar. Rencana merampok sebuah bank agar bisa membiayai kuliah Aini. Namun, karena pada dasarnya mereka ini bodoh dan polos, apakah rencana mereka berhasil? Tentu tidak.

 

Karena sejak awal, mereka pikir dengan membantu meringankan beban salah satu temannya itu, meskipun dengan cara kriminal, mereka beranggapan sebagai tindakan yang mulia. Sebuah tindakan pencurian bertopeng monyet yang hanya berbekal meniru adegan-adegan dari film-film di TV, tanpa satu orang pun yang memiliki pengalaman dalam merampok bank.

 

Rencana perampokan mereka terendus oleh Inspektur Rojali, sesuatu yang ia impikan selama ini. Sebuah kejahatan di Belantik. Namun, karena mereka hanyalah perampok amatiran, alhasil mereka gagal total dalam merampok bank tersebut.

 

English version :

 

This novel tells a story of the struggle of a poor boy far away in the interior in achieving his dream to enter medical school. He was accepted at a well-known Medical Faculty, but had to stop because of the very expensive tuition fees.

 

Starting from a village in the interior of the city of Bengkulu, Belantik name. A city whose inhabitants forget to do evil. It is Inspector Rojali, a policeman who idolizes Sahrukh khan, who is unlucky to be assigned to a quiet and crime-free Belantik area. It was so peaceful that Inspector Rojali missed the word ''raise your hand'' while pointing a gun.

 

In one place, there is a group of ordinary people consisting of 10 people namely Handai, Tohirin, Honorun, Sobri, Rusip, Salud, Debut and three daughters Nihe, Dinah and Junailah. Friendship that starts from school until they are old. They are known for their stupidity and innocence, until one day when they are married, one of the members of the group, Dinah, has an extraordinarily intelligent child, different from her parents.

 

This child has high aspirations, motivated because his father is sick and only a specialist can cure him. Because she is poor and has no money for treatment, Aini is determined to become a specialist in order to cure her father.

 

One day, when these ten people know that Aini wants to become a doctor and wants to study at the Faculty of Medicine, but is hampered by costs, they have a big plan. A plan to rob a bank in order to pay for Aini's college. However, since they were basically stupid and innocent, did their plan work? Certainly not.

 

Because from the start, they thought that by helping to lighten the burden of one of their friends, even if it was in a criminal way, they considered it a noble act. An act of theft in a monkey mask armed only with imitating scenes from movies on TV, without anyone having experience in robbing banks.

 

Inspector Rojali spotted their robbery plan, something he had been dreaming of all along. A crime in Belantik. However, because they were just amateur robbers, they failed miserably in robbing the bank.

 

Ø  Identification Main issues

1. Mrs. Aini is obstructed from reaching her goals due to cost problems (economic problems)

2. There is bullying against Aini's dream of becoming a doctor because of the unsupportive environment (social problem)

3. Due to bullying, 10 friends are forced to drop out of high school, and end up with them growing up in poverty and ignorance.

 

 

Ø  Recommended Action Plan

 

1. For economic problems, the Government should provide assistance to poor students, so that those who have no money can return to continue their education and then provide counseling to parents about the importance of education. And also the government should give priority to children who are determined to realize their dreams by helping financially.

2. For social problems from bullying, people who saw the bullying scene should give warnings, teach ethics to others (cultivate caring and mutual respect) and then instill religious values.

 

-          Style

 

From the novel " Orang-orang Biasa " the author used third point of view (all-knowing) writing

On the technique of third point of view. The reference word used is "he" " she" or the name of the character and also they (plural) for example ; “ bu Aini “. These pronouns are used to tell the main character in a story.

 

In addition to the pronouns used, there is one more thing that distinguishes between the first person point of view and the third person point of view, namely the freedom of roles in the story. In the first person point of view, the writer can show ( herself )in the story, and this does not apply to the third person point of view.

 

In the third person point of view, the writer is 'outside' of the content of the story and only tells the character "she" or “ bu Aini” or her friends in the story.

 

 

 

 

·         Defense Mechanism

 

In this novel, there are some defense mechanisms for example, a form of solidarity with a group of characters who experience marginality in life. This attitude of solidarity was formed since they started their friendship which is illustrated by the following quote : “Macam orang main voli, tak ada ombak tak ada angin pula, mereka menyetor tangannya ke tengah, tumpuk menumpuk tangan, mengempaskan tangan-tangan itu sambil berteriak tak jelas. Intinya, mereka siap menghadapi geng Bastardin dan geng Boron secara bersama-sama.” (Hirata,2019:17) . 

When the biggest test in friendship came, when Aini, who was the daughter one of her friends, managed to enter a prestigious medical college, when those who were accustomed to living as individuals who were marginalized by their social environment decided to plan a robbery to meet Aini's tuition fees.  Aini's friends belong to the projection type in the defense mechanism, because here they show that they are willing to sacrifice time, energy, and materials to learn the robbery technique they plan to pay for Aini's college. They dare to take the risk of violating the law because they have no other choice because of their social conditions as marginalized individuals. Even though they know what they are doing is dangerous and threatens their future.

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